Leer sotho praat full#

The verb wees uniquely has subjunctive forms, although they are seldom ever used in the present day: sy is the present subjunctive form, and ware is the past subjunctive form. Sometimes there is a spelling change to the root which does not affect the pronunciation ( maak/makende, weet/wetende) The present participle is normally formed with the suffix -ende ( kom/ komende), but sometimes it is irregular ( wees/synde, hê/hebbende, sterf/sterwende, bly/blywende), although this is considered archaic for function verbs. is gemaak implies that something has been made and is still in existence today, whereas was gemaak implies that something had been made, but was destroyed or lost. The meaning of the sentence can change based on which auxiliary verb is used (is/was), e.g. For example,ĭit word gemaak – It is being made Dit is (Dis) gemaak – It is made, It was made, It has been made (so it already exists)įormal written Afrikaans also admits the construction of was gemaak to indicate passive voice in the pluperfect, which in this case corresponds to had been made. Like other Germanic languages, Afrikaans also has an analytic passive voice that is formed in the present tense by using the auxiliary verb word (to become) + past participle, and, in the past tense, by using the auxiliary is + past participle. For example,Įk sou kom – I would come (literally I should come) The conditional is indicated by the preterite form sou + infinitive. For example,Įk sal kom – I will come (or literally I shall come) The future tense is in turn indicated using the auxiliary sal + infinitive. For example,Įk breek – I break Ek het dit gebreek – I broke it, I have broken it, I had broken itĪn object is necessary in this case, otherwise it implies that the subject (ek) is broken. The perfect is constructed with the auxiliary verb het + past participle, which-except for the verb hê (past participle gehad), separable verbs such as reghelp (past participle reggehelp) and verbs with beginnings such as ver- and ont- ( verkoop, ontmoet are both infinitive and past participle)-is formed regularly by adding the prefix ge- to the verb's infinitive/present form. Instead, the pluperfect, like the preterite, is expressed using the perfect. Modern Afrikaans also lacks a pluperfect (e.g. Compare also the distinction between English born and borne. This is akin to Dutch, in which the verb baren has the past participles gebaard and geboren, with a similar distinction. The former is used in the active voice ('she has borne') and the latter in the passive voice ('she was born'). The verb baar (to bear, to give birth) has two past participles: gebaar and gebore. Several verbs have irregular perfect forms which are used alongside regular forms, sometimes with different meanings:

Leer sotho praat full#

The following four full verbs also have (rarely used) preterite forms: The only common exceptions to this are the modal verbs (see the following table) and the verb wees 'be' (preterite form was). the use of a historical present, which is sometimes also employed in Dutch).

I have watched), or in storytelling by the present tense (i.e. I watched) has been completely replaced by the perfect (e.g. For example,įor most verbs, the preterite (e.g. In addition, Afrikaans verbs do not conjugate differently depending on the subject. This phenomenon is somewhat akin to English verbs, since infinitives are mostly equivalent to verbs in the simple tense, except in English singular 3rd person forms, in which case an extra -s is added. There is no distinction for example between the infinitive and present forms of verbs, with the exception of these two verbs: This article describes the grammar of Afrikaans, a language spoken in South Africa which originated from 17th century Dutch.

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